Spongiform degeneration in humans and animals is characterized by vacuolar change in the central nervous system

A. Spongiform degeneration in human diseases. Left to right, CJD prion plaque surrounded by vacuoles1, counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin; CJD cerebral cortex2, counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin; kuru cerebral cortex2, counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin; and AD medial temporal lobe3, counterstained with hematoxylin and eosin. B. Spongiform degeneration in rodents. Left to right, brainstem from mouse infected with FrCasE retrovirus4, immunostained with anti-FrCasE surface glycoprotein; cortex from Mgrn1 null (Mgrn1md-nc/Mgrn1md-nc) mouse5, immunostained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein; cortex from mahogany (Atrnmg3J / Atrnmg3J) mouse5, immunostained with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein; and EM of a brainstem vacuole from mahogany (Atrnmg3J / Atrnmg3J) mouse5

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